在CaS04-H20的系統(tǒng)中，主要有二水石膏(CaSO4·2H2O)、半水石膏(CaSO4·1/2H20)和無(wú)水石膏。它們又有很多變種，下面將詳細(xì)介紹其性能和用途。PART.01

　　In the CaS04-H2O system, there are mainly dihydrate gypsum (CaSO4 · 2H2O), hemihydrate gypsum (CaSO4 · 1/2H20), and anhydrous gypsum. They have many variants, and their performance and uses will be described in detail below. PART.01

　　石膏粉的品種、性能和用途01二水石膏

　　What are the types, properties, and uses of gypsum powder  01 Dihydrate gypsum

　　二水石膏既是一種天然的礦物，也是脫水石膏水化后的最終水化產(chǎn)物。天然的二水石膏又稱(chēng)生石膏或簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)石膏。化學(xué)組成的理論質(zhì)量為:CaO32.57%，SO346.50%，H2O20.93%。其中常含有黏土、細(xì)砂等雜質(zhì)。天然石膏的密度為 2.2~2.4g/cm ，常溫下在水中的溶解度按 CaSO4計(jì)為 2.05g/L。

　　Dihydrate gypsum is both a natural mineral and the final hydration product of dehydrated gypsum. Natural dihydrate gypsum, also known as raw gypsum or simply gypsum. The theoretical mass of the chemical composition is: CaO 32.57%, SO346.50%, H2O2 0.93%. It often contains impurities such as clay and fine sand. The density of natural gypsum is 2.2~2.4g/cm  What is the solubility in water at room temperature  CaSO4 is calculated to be 2.05g/L.

　　天然二水石膏是建筑石膏和高強(qiáng)石膏的主要原料來(lái)源，同時(shí)在水泥工業(yè)中用于水泥生產(chǎn)的調(diào)凝劑。

　　Natural dihydrate gypsum is the main source of raw materials for building gypsum and high-strength gypsum, and is also used as a setting agent in cement production in the cement industry.

　　02半水石膏

　　02 Half water gypsum

　　半水石膏也稱(chēng)熟石膏，主要由二水石膏加熱脫水制成。半水石膏有a和β兩個(gè)變種。當(dāng)二水石膏在加壓水蒸氣條件下，或在酸和鹽的溶液中加熱時(shí)可以生成a型半水石膏。

　　Semi hydrated gypsum, also known as gypsum, is mainly made by heating and dehydrating dihydrate gypsum. Half water gypsum has two variants, a and β. When dihydrate gypsum is heated under pressurized steam conditions or in a solution of acid and salt, it can generate type A hemihydrate gypsum.

　　如果二水石膏的脫水過(guò)程是在干燥環(huán)境中進(jìn)行，則生成β型半水石膏。a型半水石膏的晶粒較粗，制成一定稠度的漿體時(shí)需水量小，硬化后強(qiáng)度較高，是人們通常所說(shuō)的高強(qiáng)石膏。B型半水石膏的晶粒較細(xì)，制成一定稠度的漿體時(shí)，需水量較大硬化后強(qiáng)度較低，是人們常用的建筑石膏。

　　If the dehydration process of dihydrate gypsum is carried out in a dry environment, β - type hemihydrate gypsum is generated. A-type semi hydrated gypsum has coarser grains and requires less water to produce a certain consistency slurry. After hardening, it has higher strength and is commonly referred to as high-strength gypsum. B-type semi hydrated gypsum has fine grains and requires a large amount of water to produce a slurry with a certain consistency. After hardening, its strength is low, making it a commonly used building gypsum.

　　半水石膏主要用來(lái)生產(chǎn)各種石膏制品。

　　Half hydrated gypsum is mainly used to produce various gypsum products.

　　03無(wú)水石膏

　　03 Anhydrous gypsum

　　無(wú)水石膏又稱(chēng)為硬石膏，有天然的和人工制取的兩種。天然硬石膏主要由無(wú)水硫酸鈣組成，化學(xué)組成的理論質(zhì)量為:CaO41.19%，SO358.81%。天然硬石膏主要形成于內(nèi)海及鹽湖中，是化學(xué)沉積作用的結(jié)果。硬石膏礦層一般位于二水石膏層下面，在水的作用下會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變成二水石膏，因此在天然硬石膏中常含有5%~10%的二水石膏。天然硬石膏密度 2.9~3.0g/cm 。

　　Anhydrous gypsum, also known as hard gypsum, has two types: natural and artificially produced. Natural hard gypsum is mainly composed of anhydrous calcium sulfate, with a theoretical chemical composition of CaO41.19% and SO358.81%. Natural hard gypsum is mainly formed in inland seas and salt lakes, and is the result of chemical sedimentation. The hard gypsum ore layer is generally located below the dihydrate gypsum layer and will transform into dihydrate gypsum under the action of water. Therefore, natural hard gypsum often contains 5% to 10% dihydrate gypsum. Natural hard gypsum has a density of 2.9~3.0g/cm .

　　人工制取的硬石膏主要包括Ⅲ型硬石膏(CaSO4Ⅲ)、Ⅱ型硬石膏(CaSO4Ⅱ)I型硬石膏(CaSO4I)三種。在工業(yè)上，當(dāng)a型半水石膏在高壓水蒸氣條件下加熱到 200~230℃時(shí)生成a型CaS04Ⅲ，當(dāng)B型半水石膏在干燥空氣中加熱到200~360℃時(shí)生成8型CaSO4Ⅲ，它們都可稱(chēng)為可溶性無(wú)水石膏。Ⅲ型硬石膏水化時(shí)都要經(jīng)過(guò)半水石膏階段再形成二水石膏，其水化速率比半水石膏快，在潮濕空氣中也能水化生成半水石膏。

　　The artificially produced hard gypsum mainly includes three types: type III hard gypsum (CaSO4 III), type II hard gypsum (CaSO4 II), and type I hard gypsum (CaSO4I). In industry, when A-type hemihydrate gypsum is heated to 200-230 ℃ under high-pressure steam conditions, A-type CaS04III is formed. When B-type hemihydrate gypsum is heated to 200-360 ℃ in dry air, 8-type CaSO4 III is formed. Both of them can be called soluble anhydrous gypsum. During the hydration of type III hard gypsum, it undergoes a semi hydrated gypsum stage before forming dihydrate gypsum, which has a faster hydration rate than semi hydrated gypsum and can also hydrate to form semi hydrated gypsum in humid air.

　　半水石膏加熱到 400~1000℃，就完全失去水分成為難溶性硬石膏，失去凝結(jié)硬化能力，成為死燒石膏，即為Ⅱ型硬石膏。當(dāng)溫度超過(guò)1180℃時(shí)，Ⅱ型硬石膏轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)镮型硬石膏，而且它只有在溫度高于1180℃時(shí)才是穩(wěn)定的，人們也稱(chēng)它為高溫石膏。

　　When semi hydrated gypsum is heated to 400-1000 ℃, it completely loses moisture and becomes insoluble hard gypsum, losing its ability to set and harden, and becoming dead burned gypsum, which is type II hard gypsum. When the temperature exceeds 1180 ℃, type II hard gypsum transforms into type I hard gypsum, and it is only stable when the temperature is above 1180 ℃. It is also known as high-temperature gypsum.

　　與二水石膏相比，天然硬石膏具有較高的溶解度，但其溶解速率卻十分緩慢，一般需要 40d以上才能達(dá)到溶解平衡。由于天然硬石膏在一般情況下水化及凝結(jié)硬化很慢，甚至長(zhǎng)期不凝結(jié)，不具有強(qiáng)度，當(dāng)用它作膠凝材料時(shí)必須經(jīng)過(guò)活化處理。

　　Compared with dihydrate gypsum, natural hard gypsum has higher solubility, but its dissolution rate is very slow, generally requiring more than 40 days to reach dissolution equilibrium. Due to the slow hydration and setting hardening of natural hard gypsum in general, and even long-term non setting, it does not have strength. When used as a cementitious material, it must undergo activation treatment.

　　硬石膏也能在水泥工業(yè)中用于水泥生產(chǎn)的調(diào)凝劑。結(jié)晶水含量極少的天然硬石膏是國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)UEA、CEA、AEA系列混凝土膨脹劑的重要原料。

　　Hard gypsum can also be used as a setting agent in cement production in the cement industry. Natural hard gypsum with extremely low crystal water content is an important raw material for the production of UEA, CEA, and AEA series concrete expansion agents in China.

　　PART.02

　　PART.02

　　石膏在干混砂漿中的應(yīng)用

　　Application of gypsum in dry mixed mortar

　　建筑石膏具有許多優(yōu)良的性能，在建筑材料中的應(yīng)用也非常廣泛。除了用來(lái)做各種石膏板、建筑藝術(shù)配件及建筑裝飾、彩色石膏制品外，在砂漿中主要用來(lái)做砌筑抹灰、粉刷石膏、石膏基裝飾砂漿、石膏基填縫劑等干混砂漿產(chǎn)品。

　　Architectural gypsum has many excellent properties and is widely used in building materials. In addition to being used to make various gypsum boards, architectural art accessories, building decorations, and colored gypsum products, it is mainly used in mortar to make dry mix mortar products such as masonry plastering, plastering gypsum, gypsum based decorative mortar, and gypsum based grout.

　　高強(qiáng)石膏適用于強(qiáng)度要求較高的抹灰干粉砂漿、裝飾干粉砂漿、自流平干粉砂漿等產(chǎn)品的配制。在石膏中加入防水劑后，可制成高強(qiáng)耐水石膏，用于濕度較高的環(huán)境中。加入可再分散乳膠粉、纖維素醚等添加劑，可配制成粘接劑。

　　High strength gypsum is suitable for the preparation of plastering dry powder mortar, decorative dry powder mortar, self leveling dry powder mortar and other products with high strength requirements. After adding waterproofing agent to gypsum, high-strength and water-resistant gypsum can be made for use in environments with high humidity. Adding additives such as redispersible latex powder and cellulose ether can be used to prepare adhesives.

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